PIRKEI vs PIRCHEI

There is a Yeshiva named Pirchei Shoshanim.

I was trying to google it the other day using “Pirkei Shoshanim” and couldn’t find any match. There is a big difference in the words PIRKEI (פרקי)and PIRCHEI (פרחי ). The first is the plural of PEREQ or PEREQ meaning chapter, saying, as in the famous work “Pirkei Avot”. “PIRCHEI” with the letter CHET means “flowers of” or “blossoms of”, and this particular yeshiva could be called “blossoms of roses” (or maybe even “rosebuds”?).

Anyway, if you are googling, and you came across this article, perhaps you are looking for the Yeshiva here: http://www.shulchanaruch.com

 

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Learn to Touch-Type Hebrew Letterrs on your Keyboard!

This is the site that I used to learn how to type in Hebrew:

http://www.zigzagworld.com/HKTutor/

It’s designed for kids, but the it’s not too hard for adults!  Basically, letters fly by slowly on a clothesline, and you have to press the correct letter on your keyboard before they cross to the other side.  It assumes you know the letters, i.e. it doesn’t teach you that a letter is an GIMEL or a DALET, but just requires you to type that letter on the keyboard.

It’s free, runs on the web, but does require a free copy of Java to be installed (if you don’t already have it installed).

 

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Advanced Hebrew Pronunciation: What Difference Does an Accent Make?

You must read these two blogs (a little advanced, a kind of confusing), but you might be  mispronouncing these important words!

http://www.ouisrael.org/tidbits/detail/Towards-Better-Davening-and-Torah-Reading-1/
http://www.ouisrael.org/tidbits/detail/towards-better-davening-and-torah-reading-Rei/

V’a-hav-ta should be pronounced mil’ra (last syllable), not the almost universal “V’a-hav-ta” (second to last syllable). The accent actually changes the meaning – it should mean “and you shall love Hashem your G-d”, whereas the mispronunciation renders it “and you loved Hashem your G-d”.

For more mispronounced Hebrew words, check this post:
http://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/5991/words-often-mispronounced

 

 

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Why is a Bee called “Devorah” in Hebrew?

The bee is the only creature that has the word “Dabar” in its Hebrew name and very essence.  In Hebrew “Davar” means “a word, or a thing, or an object”, and “DABAR” is the word for “speak” (L’DABER is infinitive “to speak”).  [The "V" and "D" are the same letter in Hebrew (VET/BET), the accents and grammar determine which way it is pronounced).  There's a whole lesson in itself on the relationship of "word", "speaking" and "thing", but back to the bee for now...

At first glance, someone might say a bee speaks with it's buzzing sound.  Bee's buzz,  snakes hiss, and cat's meoowww - but that is not language and not speaking.   Onomatopoeia describes words like "buzz" that actually sounds somewhat like the sound the animal (or nature) makes.   So what is the real relationship between "bee" and "DABAR"?

The lips are the only part of the human body where the inside of the skin turns outwards.  Why, because your insides come out through your lips.   "PEH" (mouth) is the word "POH" which means here.  Thus every-time you are speaking, you are saying "here I am".

The bee itself is "treif" (not kosher), but the honey is kosher.   According to Wikipedia, "Honey bees form nectar into honey by a process of regurgitation." The honey is basically the inside (essence) of the bee coming out.

Likewise the prophetess Devorah (perhaps better known to you as Deborah in English, but in Hebrew prounounced "devoRAH") knew how to sing, i.e. let her inside come out. She knew how to take her insides or internals, and let them come out, and is known for the "Song of Deborah", the sixth of the ten "true" songs mentioned in the Tanach.  [According to http://www.angelfire.com/pa2/passover/10-shirot.html The 10 Shirot (or Ten Shirot, where "Shirot" means "Songs" in Hebrew) are the Songs above all other songs in the Hebrew Bible according to Jewish tradition and above any song that has ever been created in the world since Creation.The 10 Shirot mark historical events in Jewish history and in the history of the world. The 10 Shirot are not mere melodies, but are the only true Songs in the world in that they express the harmony of Creation as well as marking the aforementioned historical events in human history. ]

This actually reminds me of a Ghandi quote: “My life is my message”.  (Saw this on a statue in San Francisco – here’s the photo: http://biztalk-training.com/about-2/).  I include the quote on my BizTalk site, because BizTalk is a software product that deals with “message processing”.  So what message are you sending?

Inspired by: A wonderful drash (lecture) on Jewish Music from Rabbi Eytan Feiner from Aish Audio .

 

 

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Sephardic Music Resource

I was browsing the site of Hebrew Union College (Sephardic Studies), and found this online resource: Introduction to Sephardic Music

It includes a 25 page PDF/paper called “Introduction to Sephardic and Mizrachi Liturgical Music” by Dr. Mark Kligman.

The somewhat hidden “click here” link at the bottom of the page will take you to web page with sample cantillations from Genesis 1:15 from five different Sephardic (or Mizrachi) groups: Yemen, Persia, Egypt, Tunisia, and the “Spanish/Portuguese” style (commonly used by Sephardics in the USA).  There are also music samples of “Nishmat Kol Chai” (“The Soul of Every Living Being”).

If your browser support the “Quick Time” player, the files will play in you browser.  Otherwise, you might have to right-click “save as” and store the MP3 fiels on your PC to listen.

 

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“Given to Gluttony” – That’s not what it says in Hebrew!

Photo by Falashad (on Flikr)

I quoted this verse to someone the other day, and they couldn’t remember it, so I looked it up in the Stone Edition of the Tanach, and it didn’t say what I remembered. Good old King James (KJV) says:
Proverbs 23:1 When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee: 2 And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to appetite. 3 Be not desirous of his dainties: for they are deceitful meat. [NIV substitutes the word "gluttony" for "appetite", meaning about the same. Even the old JPS says "given to appetite".]

But Stone’s translation says “put a knife to your throat if you are a master of [your] soul.”. When I read that, I HAD to go to the Hebrew, and take a look.

The Hebrew is “IM-BAAL NEFESH ATAH”. Literally, “if you are a soul-master”. Stone correctly puts the word ‘your’ in brackets because it’s not there in the Hebrew, but it could be implied. “Master of soul” would be an ordinary noun-construct, but in this case the definite article is not used.

Now, how is this different. At first, you might think that “being a master of your soul” is one who is “not given to appetite/gluttony”, and with that I would agree. But PLEASE NOTE – they are opposites!!! Being a glutton is generally considered a bad character, and being a master of your soul, sounds like a good trait.

A) Put a knife to your throat if you are a master of your soul
B) Put a knife to your throat if you are given to appetite/gluttony

The verse does NOT say:
C) Put a knife to your throat if you are NOT a master of your soul.

In other words, if you mastered your appetite, you would not have to put a knife to your throat. So what is this verse trying to say??? Why would one need to put a knife the throat, if indeed the guest at the king’s banquet was a “master of his soul?” He would already know what to do, and would have to regulate himself with a “knife”, because he would already be accustomed to self-discipline. It would seem that only the lower, more carnal man would need to resort to the “knife tactic”. Of course, putting a “knife to your throat” is figurative, not literal. But to me, it basically means “constantly remind yourself”, or “be on guard”, or “tie a string around your finger so you don’t forget.”

Stone has a brief comment: “Before dining with an absolute ruler, or anyone with considerable power, one should consider the consequences of incurring the host’s displeasure, or the moral harm that can come from being subservient to an unscrupulous person.”

I found one obscure reference here: http://clclutheran.org/library/jtheo_arch/jtmar2000.html#jtv.3. The author is researching the word “NEFESH”, and makes a comment: “Only he who is master of his soul will be able to resist the temptation.” This would suggest that only the “master of his soul” would heed advice, and put a knife to his throat; any lesser man would just eat and ignore, or not be wise enough to handle himself in such a situation.

In any case, I prefer the more literal translation, which seems to give an entirely different understanding of this verse. Remember, “All translation is commentary”. Read it for yourself in Hebrew!

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Sacred Trash – The Geniza

A new book has just been published called Sacred Trash; The Lost and Found World of the Cairo Geniza.

According to Wikipedia, a genizah is the store-room or depository in a Jewish synagogue (or cemetery), usually specifically for worn-out Hebrew-language books and papers on religious topics that were stored there before they could receive a proper cemetery burial, it being forbidden to throw away writings containing the name of God (even personal letters and legal contracts could open with an invocation of God). Most religious schools and synagogues have a Geniza, where students and members can put sheets of paper or documents bearing God’s name. From time to time, the contents are taken out and buried in a designated spot in a Jewish cemetery. When a lost Geniza is discovered, it can be a great treasure trove of historically-significant documents related to Jewish law and life of a given time period.

The word genizah come from the Hebrew root g-n-z (Gimmel-Nun-Zain), which means hiding, and originally meant “to hide” or “to put away”. Later, it became a noun for a place where one put things, and is perhaps best translated as “archive” or “repository”.

The cover of the book shows Solomon Schecter studying the documents. His greatest academic fame came from his excavation in 1896 of the papers of the Cairo Geniza, an extraordinary collection of over 100,000 pages of rare Hebrew religious manuscripts and medieval Jewish texts that were preserved at an Egyptian synagogue. The find revolutionized the study of Medieval Judaism. Schechter was alerted to the existence of the Geniza’s papers in May 1896 by two Scottish sisters, Mrs. Lewis and Mrs. Gibson, who showed him some leaves from the Geniza that contained the Hebrew text of Sirach, which had for centuries only been known in Greek and Latin translation.

Schechter’s name is synonymous with the findings of the Cairo Geniza. He placed the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTSA) on an institutional footing strong enough to endure for over a century. He became identified as the foremost personality of Conservative Judaism and is regarded as its founder. A network of Conservative Jewish day schools is named in his honor.

Link to Book and Video: http://nextbookpress.com/books/347/

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The Blessing Formula

Did you ever wonder why Jewish blessings always have “Blessed are you, Adonai our God, King of the Universe…” in them?

The first of the amoriam (third century C.E.) established rules for the formulation of the benediction, ordaining that each one must include the mention of God’s name, while some added that it must also mention God’s kingdom (MALCHUT).  In this way, the form for the opening of the benediction that is familiar today came into being…” [Jewish Liturgy, A Comprehensive History, by Ismar Elbogen, page 6].

 

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“Service of the Heart” Midrash

Siddur (Prayerbook) with Tzitzit (Fringes of Prayer Shawl)

The following verse is one of the paragraphs of the Shema, said twice per day in Jewish liturgy:

Deuteronomy 11:13-15   13 And it shall come to pass, if ye shall hearken diligently unto my commandments which I command you this day, to love the LORD your God, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul,  14 That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil.  15 And I will send grass in thy fields for thy cattle, that thou mayest eat and be full.

The Midrash “Sifre Deut., 80a, Section 41) defines “service of the heart”:  “And to serve him (Deut 11:13):  This refers to prayer.  You might say, “This refers to prayer (according to you), but might it not refer to (Temple) service?” (The answer is no.) Since Scripture says, “With all your heart and all your soul (Duet 11:13), is there such thing a (Temple) Service in one’s heart?  Therefore, what does the verse mean by “and to serve him”?  It refers to prayer.”

Thus, the word “AVODAH” is the usual word for liturgy in Rabbinical liturgy.  “AVODAH” refers to the service of the priests, in offering sacrifices.

 

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Why does Laban’s name mean “white”?

For years, I’ve never seen any commentary on why Laban is called “whitie” (literally “white” in Hebrew).  “Lavanah” is one of the names of the moon in Hebrew, because it is white.

So often in literature, white is seen as good, and black with evil. Laban is associated with evil, yet his name is “Lavan”, which means “white” in Hebrew. A phrase from the Passover Seder says: “Go and realize what Laban the Aramean wished to inflict on Jacob, our patriarch. Pharaoh decreed against the males only, however Laban wish to uproot all.”

If you read “LaVaN” backwards, you get “NaVaL”, which means “villian” or “fool (intellectually and/or morally)” (Job 30:8, Deut 32:6, II Sam 3:33). Yet in the Tanach, “white” connotes purity, cleanliness, and celebration.

Not until 1666, Isaac Newton discovered that white light is a mixture of all colors. According to Wikipedia:

White light refracted in a prism revealing the color components.

Until Newton’s work became accepted, most scientists believed that white was the fundamental color of light; and that other colors were formed only by adding something to light. Newton demonstrated this was not true by passing white light through a prism, then through another prism. If the colors were added by the prism, the second prism should have added further colors to the single-colored beam. Since the single-colored beam remained a single color, Newton concluded that the prism merely separated the colors already present in the light. White light is the effect of combining the visible colors of light in suitable proportions (the same present in solar light).

Haim Shore, in his book “Coincidences in the Bible and Biblical Hebrew” suggests as light is a mixture of color, Laban is a character who mixes things, namely 1) his parents, 2) his children, 3) religious faiths, 4) languages, 5) property. What does it mean to “mix his parents and children”? Laban is the son of Betuel (JPS Genesis 28:5 And Isaac sent away Jacob; and he went to Paddan-aram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Aramean). Genesis 24:50 “Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said:”. Note that the son is listed before the father, and in Hebrew, the verb is singular. Out of respect, one would expect the father to speak. Yet publicly, he is known as the son of Nahor. JPS Genesis 29:5 And he said unto them: ‘Know ye Laban the son of Nahor?’ Thus Laban mixes his father and grandfather as though they are of no consequence. You are probably more familiar with the story where Laban mixes or exchanges his daughters, giving Leah to Jacob for his seven years of work, when the agreement was for Rachel.

In Genesis 31:53 Laban is continues his speech: “The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge betwixt us.” (Note: Elohei can be translated “God of” or “gods of”). Here, he “mixes” the two concepts of God and religions, as if they were equal, i.e. mixing monotheism and paganism.

Genesis 31:47-48 “And Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha; but Jacob called it Galeed. And Laban said: ‘This heap is witness between me and thee this day.’ Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;”. Galeed or “Gal-Ed” in Hebrew literally means “a testimony pile of stones”, but Laban calls it by the Aramaic name: “Yegar Sahaduta”, thus using language interchangeably without consequence.

And finally, Laban mixes property. In Genesis chapters 30-31, he tricks Jacob, and any attempt by Jacob to separate his cattle from Laban’s is responded to with deceit, and Laban does his utmost to obstruct such separation.

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